ࡱ> X(   t$www.whitehouse.gov4http://www.whitehouse.gov/dwww.vatican.va,http://www.vatican.va/jhttp://research.microsoft.com/~mbj/smiley/smiley.htmljhttp://research.microsoft.com/~mbj/smiley/smiley.html/ 00DArialngsRomanllL0DGaramondRomanllL0 DTimes New RomanllL00DWingdingsRomanllL0@0.  @n?" dd@  @@`` 2-      !"#$%&'()*+,-/ 0  0AA@8./yʚ;ʚ;g4-d-d\Q 0ppp@ <4dddd8A10l( ~0___PPT10 >___PPT9 O  =TN The Internet Definition of InternetFederal Networking Council (FNC)  Oct. 24, 1995  Internet refers to the global information system that: Logically linked IP addresses Supports communications using TCP/IP Provides services publicly and privately Simple version:  The Internet is a global system of networked computers together with their users and data.  Network of Networks Internet = inter-networked networksp19lm:19lm:  History of Internet1957 USSR launches Sputnik 1958 US forms ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) within DOD (Dept. of Defense) to establish US lead in military science and technology 1961 Len Kleinrock at MIT writes first paper on packet-switching theory Packet-switching is developed by Paul Baran and Donald Davies at Rand Corp. 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis 1963 President Kennedy is assassinated 1964 The Beatles come to America<bb, \6History of Internet  cont."1965 Ted Nelson gives ACM presentation called  A File Structure for the Complex, the Changing, and the Indeterminate Concept was called  docuverse, used term  hypertext Never had a working model 1968 ARPA mails out 140 requests for proposals to prospective contractor to build first 4 IMPs (Interface Message Processors) 1969 Apollo 11  Neil Armstrong is first man to walk on moon 7/20/69 Original Woodstock is held at Max Yasgar s farm in NY 8/15/69 jvP~vP>  6History of Internet  cont."H1969 (cont.) ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) is created by BBN (Bolt, Beranek, and Newman) for DOD Goals: Maintain communications in the event of attack Enable researchers to share  supercomputing power 4 nodes (hosts) initially: Stanford Research Institute (SRI) University of Utah University of California Los Angles (UCLA) University of California Santa Barbara Later ARPANET is known as Internet ZjZZbZZZ#Z jb   #  ZD 6History of Internet  cont."1969 (cont.) ARPANET (cont.) Features:  Open architecture Allowed sharing of resources Facilitated communications Designed to withstand damage 1970 s LANs become prevalent ARPANET is used by military, universities, larger companies  not by general population Beatles break up 1971 Michael Hart begins Project Gutenberg PP PiPPP+P  i  & 6History of Internet  cont.":1972 ARPANET nodes increase to 23; becomes international Email is introduced by Ray Tomlinson at BBN; he uses the @ symbol to distinguish between the sender s name and the network name in the address Telnet specification for terminal emulation: allows a user at a remote computer to log on to another computer over a network and enter commands at a prompt as if they were directly connected to the remote computer*6History of Internet  cont."1973 FTP (File Transfer Protocol) specification was developed; allows users to log onto a remote computer, list the files on that computer, and download files from that computer Pink Floyd releases Dark Side of the Moon 1976 Queen Elizabeth sends her first email and is the first state leader to do so Pres. Candidate Jimmy Carter and running mate Walter Mondale use email to plan events UUCP (Unix to Unix CoPy) is developed and distributed with Unix  allowed file transfer and remote command execution\PPPP^6History of Internet  cont."j1977 Apple Computer popularized personal computing; sneakernet is used to share info Saturday Night Fever becomes best-selling album 1979 USENET (User Network) is developed  newsgroups emerged from this; first connection was between Duke and Univ. of NC at Chapel Hill First walkman is made available by SonyT4  6History of Internet  cont."n1980 CSNET (Computer Science Network) is created  connects US university CS departments; joins ARPANET in 1981 John Lennon is murdered in front of his apt in NYC (12/8/80) USA beats USSR in ice hockey 1981 BITNET (Because It s Time Network) connects City Univ of NY and Yale; mailing lists originate from thisThh3 6History of Internet  cont."v1981 (cont.) IBM introduces the IBM personal computer MTV launches its music video channel providing commercials for songs 1982  Internet is used for the first time Scott Fahlman starts the smiley culture by using :-) to suggest emotions in emails (9/19/1982) http://research.microsoft.com/~mbj/smiley/smiley.html j n n4R.T0: 6History of Internet  cont."*1983 CDs start to appear on store shelves TCP/IP is required for all ARPANET hosts TCP/IP  rules for how networks making up the ARPANET communicate No charge; open system  all computers are now  speaking the same language Allowed growth; central administration not necessary<NN 6History of Internet  cont."1984 DNS (Domain Name System) is established with network addresses identified by extensions like .com, .edu, .org; developed by Sun Microsystems  Neuromancer by William Gibson is published introducing the term  cyberspace 1985 NSFNET (National Science Foundation Network) is formed to connect the NSF s 5 super-computing centers 1987 CDs outsell recordsPPPfPPPf  ,i'  6History of Internet  cont."[1988 Virus called the Internet Worm was written by Robert Morris, a grad student at Cornell, and temporarily shuts down 10% of Internet hosts IRC (Internet Relay Chat) is developed by Jarkko Oikarinen; provided real-time chatting 1989 NSF takes over control of ARPANET Hosts on Internet > 100,000 1990 Archie, an archive of FTP sites, is created >->-, 6History of Internet  cont."|1991 Gopher is developed at Univ of Minnesota; allows you to  go for files using menu-based system NSF decides Internet should not only be used for educational entities WWW  Tim Berners-Lee at CERN 1992 WWW publicly available US Rep Rick Boucher from VA authors law which allows first commercial traffic on Internet Trr6History of Internet  cont."1993 Mosaic Released by Marc Andreessen and several other students at the Univ of Illinois first Web browser to provide easy-to-use point and click GUI Sometimes called NCSA Mosaic (National Center for Supercomputing Applications) Becomes primary navigating tool for the WWW which accounts for 1% of Internet traffic 1994 Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark form Netscape Communications and release Netscape Navigator White House launches www.whitehouse.gov Commercial sites are coming on-line; spamming startsxPP2PPP2  *Kd6T06History of Internet  cont."~1994 (cont) David Filo and Jerry Yang start Yahoo! as  Jerry Yang s Guide to the WWW Tim Berners-Lee starts W3C: an organization dedicated to developing technologies for the WWW 1995 Vatican launches its Website: www.vatican.va Java programming language is developed by Sun Microsystems CompuServe, America Online, Prodigy provide dial-up Internet access Browser wars begin as Microsoft introduces MIE in summer of 1995 Jeff Bezos launches Amazon\ PPPP <T06History of Internet  cont."D1996 Approx 45 million people are using the Internet with about 30 million in North America Browser wars continue  two most powerful are left: Netscape and MIE Plug-ins and helper applications emerge for multimedia eBay is launched Free speech issues are addressed; an attempt to regulate content on the Internet is termed an affront to the First Amendment (06/1996) ICQ, AIM, MSN Messenger provides Instant Messaging.PP6History of Internet  cont."\1997 MIE is integrated into the desktop Internet traffic records are broken on 07/08/1997 when the NASA Website broadcasts images taken by Pathfinder on Mars (46 million hits) Princess Diana dies in car crash; Elton John s musical tribute to her, Candle in the Wind, is best selling single of all time ***6History of Internet  cont."$1998 Netscape Navigator source code is released Google is launched; uses links to assess a site s popularity (09/27/2005) Consumers over the age of 30 purchase more music than those under 30 for the first time ever 1999 Northeastern student Shawn Fanning creates Napster, an application that allows sharing music files The number of Internet users worldwide reaches 150 million (beginning of 1999); more than 50% in the US David Bowie s newest album becomes the first by a major artist to be made available by Internet download \ZZZ6Z6!6History of Internet  cont."2000 Dotcom bust  Internet bubble bursts Music file sharing is very popular at sites like MP3.com using Napster software Love Bug virus 2002 Napster folds when the court rules that the company is violating copyright laws 2003 CAN-SPAM Act is signed by Pres. 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