%	To use these macros, make the first line of your file \input{preamble},
%   optionally preceeded by a \documentstyle command and/or alter\natsnate
%   definitions for lemma, theorem, etc.

\addtolength{\parskip}{1ex}            %separation between paragraphs
\addtolength{\jot}{1ex}                %line separation in eqnarray

% define \goodgap --- which is used in Ruslan's subfigures...
\newcommand{\goodgap}{
	\hspace{\subfigtopskip}
	\hspace{\subfigbottomskip}}

%
%	To make fig generated latex work
%
\newcommand{\SetFigFont}[3]{}
%
% theorem environments
%
% usual latex definition, but italics replaced by \theoremfont
%
\comment{
\define\theoremfont{\it}
\def\@begintheorem#1#2{\theoremfont \trivlist \item[\hskip \labelsep{\bf #1\ #2}]}
\def\@opargbegintheorem#1#2#3{\theoremfont \trivlist
      \item[\hskip \labelsep{\bf #1\ #2\ (#3)}]}
\def\@endtheorem{\endtrivlist}
}
%
%	Various theorem-like environments
%
\theoremstyle{break}
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[chapter]
\newtheorem{lemma}[theorem]{Lemma}
\newtheorem{corollary}[theorem]{Corollary}
\newtheorem{proposition}[theorem]{Proposition}
\newtheorem{definition}[theorem]{Definition}
\newtheorem{openprob}[theorem]{Open Problem}
\newtheorem{observation}[theorem]{Observation}
\newtheorem{fact}[theorem]{Fact}
\newtheorem{example}[theorem]{\hspace*{-.28in} \ding{43} Example}
\newtheorem{problem}[theorem]{\hspace*{-.28in} \ding{45} Problem}
\newtheorem{remark}[theorem]{\hspace*{-.28in} \ding{37} Remark}
\newtheorem{note}[theorem]{\hspace*{-.28in} \ding{228} Note}
\newtheorem{convention}[theorem]{\hspace*{-.28in} \ding{46} Convention}
\newcommand{\comps}{\mbox{$\mathbb C$}}           
\newcommand{\irats}{\mbox{$\mathbb I$}}           
\newcommand{\nats}{\mbox{$\mathbb N$}}           
\newcommand{\rats}{\mbox{$\mathbb Q$}}           
\newcommand{\reals}{\mbox{$\mathbb R$}}           
\newcommand{\ints}{\mbox{$\mathbb Z$}}           

%
\newcommand{\qed}{\;\;\;\Box}
\newenvironment{proof}{\par{\sc Proof:}}{\(\qed\) \par}
%
%  figure numbers are reset at section changes like theorem numbers
%
\@addtoreset{figure}{chapter}
\def\thefigure{\thechapter.\arabic{figure}}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%                                                                  %
%% Equation hacks:
%%
%% \yesnumber is analogous to \nonumber - turns on eqn number in an
%%      eqnarray*.
%%    method: eqnarray* works by forcing a \nonumber at the end of each
%%      line; we just define an override switch.
%%
%% \mynumber{z} is used analogously to \nonumber
%%      in eqnarray or eqnarray* to change numbering of current line,
%%      but instead of suppressing the number, it uses ``z'' instead.
%%      also works in equation environment.
%%    Method: redefine the macro used to format eqn numbers.
%%
%% \lefttext{z} is like \mynumber, but sets text flush to leftmargin.
%%    Method: stolen from leqno.doc
%%
%% default for \@eqnnum is: \def\@eqnnum{{\rm (\theequation)}}
%% std. def. for \nonumber: \def\nonumber{\global\@eqnswfalse}
%%
\makeatletter
\newif\if@yeseqnsw\@yeseqnswfalse
\def\yesnumber{\global\@yeseqnswtrue}
\def\nonumber{\if@yeseqnsw\global\@yeseqnswfalse\else\global\@eqnswfalse\fi}
\global\let\save@eqnnum=\@eqnnum
\newcommand{\mynumber}[1]{{\global\@yeseqnswtrue\global\def%
   \@eqnnum{{\mbox{\rm #1}\addtocounter{equation}{-1}%
   \global\def\@eqnnum{\save@eqnnum}\global\@yeseqnswfalse}}}}
\newcommand{\lefttext}[1]{{\global\@yeseqnswtrue\global\def%
   \@eqnnum{{{\hbox to .01pt{}\rlap{\rm \hskip -\displaywidth #1}}%
   \addtocounter{equation}{-1}%
   \global\def\@eqnnum{\save@eqnnum}\global\@yeseqnswfalse}}}}
\makeatother
%%                                                                  %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\newcommand{\sloppyfloats}{
    % don't be so fussy about floats:
    \setcounter{topnumber}{5}
    \setcounter{bottomnumber}{5}
    \setcounter{totalnumber}{5}
    \renewcommand{\topfraction}{.99}
    \renewcommand{\bottomfraction}{.99}
    \renewcommand{\textfraction}{.01}
    \renewcommand{\floatpagefraction}{.85}
}

%\ifempty{x}{YES}{NO} expands to YES if x is the empty string, else NO.
\newcommand{\ifempty}[3]{%
    \def\arga{#1}%
    \def\zzippo{}%
    \ifx\arga\zzippo #2\else #3\fi}

%
%
% for flagging index entry in text
%\newif\ifindexflag\indexflagtrue
\newif\ifindexflag\indexflagfalse
\newif\iforg\orgtrue	% stuff for pictures
\newif\ifframe\frametrue

%\indexauthorstrue       % turn on plain-a bib style's author indexing
\makeindex
%\makeglossary


% ------------------------------------------------------------
% \ifbold
% -------
%   true if the current font is \bf;
%   use like other if's: \ifbold truetext \else falsetext \fi
%
\newcommand{\ifbold}{%
    \edef\bolda{\the\font}%
    {\bf\xdef\boldb{\the\font}}%
    \ifx\bolda\boldb }

% ------------------------------------------------------------
% Figures
% -------
\newenvironment{myfigure}%
    {\begin{figure}[htb]%
     \mbox{\rule[-1.5mm]{.5mm}{2mm}\rule{\textwidth}{.5mm}\rule[-1.5mm]{.5mm}{2mm}}
    }%begin text
    {
     \mbox{\rule{.5mm}{1mm}\rule{\textwidth}{.5mm}\rule{.5mm}{1mm}}
     \end{figure}%
    }%end text

\newenvironment{myproblem}%
    {
\hspace*{-.3in}
     \mbox{\rule[-3.5mm]{.5mm}{4mm}\rule{\textwidth}{.5mm}\rule[-3.5mm]{.5mm}{4mm}}
    }%begin text
    {
     \mbox{\rule{.5mm}{3mm}\rule{\textwidth}{.5mm}\rule{.5mm}{3mm}}

    }%end text

%ALGORITHMS

\newcommand{\algopen}{
\noindent
\mbox{\rule[-3.5mm]{.5mm}{4mm}\rule{\textwidth}{.5mm}\rule[-3.5mm]{.5mm}{4mm}}
}

\newcommand{\algclose}{
\noindent
\mbox{\rule{.5mm}{4mm}\rule{\textwidth}{.5mm}\rule{.5mm}{4mm}}
}

% figures with horizontal rules
%   in a \picture, \fiducial{x,y} gives a 10 unit cross at (x,y).
\newcommand{\fiducial}[1]{%
    \put(#1){\line(1,0){10}}
    \put(#1){\line(0,1){10}}
    \put(#1){\line(-1,0){10}}
    \put(#1){\line(0,-1){10}}
}

% center pictures, & optionally show origin & bounding box
% the 2 args are the args to the picture env., but in {}'s, not ()'s.
\newenvironment{pictureframe}[2]%
    {\begin{center}%
       \begin{picture}(#1)(#2)%
       \iforg\fiducial{0,0}\fi%
       \ifframe\put(#2){\framebox(#1){}}\fi%
    }%begin text
    {  \end{picture}%
     \end{center}%
    }%end text

% ------------------------------------------------------------
% Floats
% ------
%   more & bigger floats with text:
\setcounter{topnumber}{5}
\setcounter{bottomnumber}{5}
\setcounter{totalnumber}{5}
\renewcommand{\topfraction}{.99}
\renewcommand{\bottomfraction}{.99}
\renewcommand{\textfraction}{.01}
\renewcommand{\floatpagefraction}{.85}

% ------------------------------------------------------------
% Indexing
% --------
%
% tie-index: \index reads its arg ``verbatim,'' so active characters like
% ``tie'' (~) aren't expanded.  Unfortunately, if index is called in another
% macro, with outer arg passed in, it's too late to totally prevent this
% interpretation.  In particular, tie turns into ``\penalty\@M'', which
% causes a problem when the .ind file is ultimately processed.  The
% following macro ``\tindex'' re\def's tie (but *not* other control
% sequences like accents, for example), so a literal ``~'' goes out to the
% .idx file.  This is good enough for my immediate purpose in \personal.
% Accents are treated right by preceding with ``\protect''.  (Well,
% almost: there will be a stray space after the accent in the .idx file;
% this is OK if we're consistent.)
%
{\catcode`~=12\gdef\rawtilde{~}}
\newcommand{\tindex}[1]{{\def~{\rawtilde}\expandafter\index{#1}}}
% 
% concept indexing, manually generated
% put the optional argument in if you want to ensure proper sorting.
%	Eg	\conceptidx[Ldfa]{$\Ldfa$}
%
% we also have authoridx and problemidx to make life a bit simpler
%
% conceptidx:
\newcommand{\conceptidx}[2][NoOptionalArgument]{%
\ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{NoOptionalArgument}}{\index{#2}}{\index{#1@#2}}%
}
%
% authoridx:
%
\newcommand{\authoridx}[2][NoOptionalArgument]{%
\ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{NoOptionalArgument}}{\index{#2}}{\index{#1@#2}}%
}
%
% problemidx:  this puts two entries into the index
%	\problemidx{Circuit Value}
% will put an entry under "Circuit Value problem" and one under
% "Problem list, Circuit Value"   The optional arg can be used to 
% put a different entry in the problem list.
%	
%
\newcommand{\problemidx}[2][NoOptionalArgument]{%
\ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{NoOptionalArgument}}%
% then
{\index{problem list!#2}\index{#2 \textit{problem}}}%
%else
{\index{problem list!#1}\index{#2 \textit{problem}}}%
}
%----------------------------------------------------------------
\pagestyle{headings}
%
%----------------------------------------------------------------
% bibliography (from book.sty)
%               modified to set text at front:
%               define \bibintro before \bibliography{} used;
%               it will be typeset at the front of the bib, flushleft.
%		use small font \small
%----------------------------------------------------------------
\makeatletter
\def\thebibliography#1{\chapter*{\bibname\@mkboth
  {\uppercase{\bibname}}{\uppercase{\bibname}}}\small\list
  {\@biblabel{\arabic{enumiv}}}{\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
    \item[]\bibintro %%% <<< this line is my only addition
    \leftmargin\labelwidth
    \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
    \usecounter{enumiv}%
    \let\p@enumiv\@empty
    \def\theenumiv{\arabic{enumiv}}}%
    \def\newblock{\hskip .11em plus.33em minus.07em}%
    \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
    \sfcode`\.=\@m}
\makeatother

%----------------------------------------------------------------
% index
%------
%
\makeatletter
% following from book.sty, except \raggedright. empty thispagestyle
% make sure indexintro is defined before theindex is used
\def\theindex{\@restonecoltrue\if@twocolumn\@restonecolfalse\fi
\columnseprule \z@
\columnsep 35\p@\twocolumn[\@makeschapterhead{\indexname}\indexintro]%
    \@mkboth{\uppercase{\indexname}}{\uppercase{\indexname}}%
    \thispagestyle{empty}\parindent\z@
    \parskip\z@ plus .3\p@\relax\let\item\@idxitem\raggedright}

% following from book.sty
% \def\@idxitem{\par\hangindent 40\p@}
% \def\subitem{\par\hangindent 40\p@ \hspace*{20\p@}}
% \def\subsubitem{\par\hangindent 40\p@ \hspace*{30\p@}}
%my version:
\def\@idxitem{\par\hangindent 20\p@}
\def\subitem{\par\hangindent 20\p@ \hspace*{10\p@}}
\def\subsubitem{\par\hangindent 20\p@ \hspace*{20\p@}}
\makeatother

% unnumbered chapter, but DO put in toc, page header:
\newcommand{\chapterstar}[1]{
    \chapter*{#1}%
    \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}%
    \markboth{\uppercase{#1}}{\uppercase{#1}}%
  }

\newcommand{\Unix}{$\mathrm{Unix}^\textsc{tm}$}
\renewcommand{\thepage}{\roman{page}}